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		<citationkey>MuraParaGamaSilv:2016:MoSuMo</citationkey>
		<title>Monitoring of surface movement in a large area of the open pit iron mines (Carajás, Brazil) based on a-DInSAR techniques using TerraSAR-X data</title>
		<year>2016</year>
		<secondarytype>PRE CI</secondarytype>
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		<author>Mura, José Cláudio,</author>
		<author>Paradella, Waldir Renato,</author>
		<author>Gama, Fábio Furlan,</author>
		<author>Silva, Guilherme Gregório,</author>
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		<group>DPI-OBT-INPE-MCTI-GOV-BR</group>
		<group>SER-SRE-SPG-INPE-MCTI-GOV-BR</group>
		<affiliation>Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)</affiliation>
		<affiliation>Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)</affiliation>
		<affiliation>Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)</affiliation>
		<affiliation>Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)</affiliation>
		<electronicmailaddress>jose.mura@inpe.br</electronicmailaddress>
		<electronicmailaddress>waldir@ltid.inpe.br</electronicmailaddress>
		<electronicmailaddress>fabio.furlan@inpe.br</electronicmailaddress>
		<electronicmailaddress>guilherme.gregorio@inpe.br</electronicmailaddress>
		<conferencename>SPIE Remote Sensing</conferencename>
		<conferencelocation>Edinburgh, United Kingdom</conferencelocation>
		<date>26-29 Sept.</date>
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		<contenttype>External Contribution</contenttype>
		<abstract>This work presents an investigation of ground deformation measurements based on a combination of DInSAR TimeSeries (DTS) and PSI (Persistent Scatterer Interferometry) techniques, applied in a large area of the open pit iron mines located in Carajás Mineral Province (Brazilian Amazon Region). These mines have presented a historical of instability and surface monitoring measurements over sectors of the mines (pit walls) have been carried out based on ground based radar and total station (prisms). PSI processing technique involves the temporal phase unwrapping process, which is a very important stage to determine ground movement accurately. Limitations in this process can be found especially for detection of high movement rates. By using a priori information regarding the topographic phase error and phase displacement model, temporal phase unwrapping in the PSI processing can be performed more efficiently. In this study we used a combination of DTS and PSI techniques aim at detecting high rate of linear and non linear ground movement. The DTS results provided the first estimate of the topographic error and the phase displacement model for the PSI analysis using the IPTA technique (Gamma RS software). A set of 33 TerraSAR-X-1 images, acquired during the period from March 2012 to April 2013 (dry and wet seasons), was used to perform this investigation in the Carajás mining area. Due to complex topography of the site (deep excavations, high waste piles, etc.), a high resolution DEM was generated based on a stereo GeoEye-1 pair in order to decrease the topography phase error in the analysis. The DTS analysis was carried out on a stack of multi-look unwrapped interferogram using an extension of the SVD to obtain the Least-Square solution. A set of additional weighted constrain on the acceleration of the surface was used to control the smoothness of the time-series solutions aiming to correct the atmospheric phase artifacts and estimate the height errors based on the normal baseline diversity. The height errors and deformation rates provided by the DInSAR timeseries approach were subtracted from the stack of original interferogram to perform the PSI analysis. This procedure improved the capability of the PSI analysis to detect non linear deformation as well as increased the numbers of point density of the final results. The results of the individual and combined techniques are presented and highlighted. A High deformation rates were detected over the waste piles (deformation rate up to -526.5 mm/year), which is normally expected for this manmade structure. Non linear deformation was also detected along benches and ramps (deformation rate up to -255.7 mm/ year), which is associated with surface movement evidences (fractures on bench walls, cracks on bench surfaces and road ramps), which is associated with deep excavation on low quality geomechanical ore/rock masses. Structural control given by trending shear zone and trending fault system could also be associated with these movements. The proposed methodology showed good results for monitoring surface displacement in a large mining area, which is located in a rain forest environment, providing very useful information about the ground movement planning and risks assessment.</abstract>
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